Energy is higher than the inner electron binding energy of high-energy x-rays and atoms collide, the expulsion of an inner electron and a hole, make whole atomic system is in unstable excited, excited atoms life is about 12 (10) -- - (10) - 14 s, then spontaneously by the high energy of state transition to a low energy state. Process, this process is called chi chi process can be either is radiative transition, also can be radiative transition.
When the electron transition to the outer cavity, the energy released by immediately inside the atomic absorption and expulsion another subprime photoelectron, outer this is called the auger effect, which is also called secondary photoelectric effect or no radiation effect, secondary photoelectron called out by auger electron. It is characteristic of energy, has nothing to do with the energy of the incident radiation. As the outer electron jump into atoms in the energy released by the inner hole is not be absorbed, but released in the form of radiation, X-ray fluorescence occurs, the energy is equal to the energy difference between the two energy levels. Therefore, X ray fluorescence energy or wavelength is characteristic, and element has a one-to-one relationship.. After k-shell electrons are ejected from the cavity can be filled by any electrons in the outer, which can produce a series of spectral lines, called K pedigree line. By L layer transition to K X-ray radiation is called alpha rays, K by M layer transition to K X ray radiation is called K beta... . Also, L layer was kicked out of the can produce L series electronic radiation. If the incident X-ray to make a certain element of an electron into K layer photoelectron electron transition to K L layer after layer, Δ E released at this time there is energy, and Δ E = EK - EL, the energy released in the form of X ray, the alpha is K, also can produce K beta, L series ray, etc.
Mo weasley (H.G.M oseley) found that the fluorescence X-ray wavelength lambda is associated with the atomic number Z of elements, the mathematical relationship is as follows: lambda = K (Z - s) 2, this is the law of mo weasley, K and s type is constant, therefore, as long as the energy or measure fluorescence X-ray wavelength, can know the types of elements, this is the foundation of the fluorescence X-ray qualitative analysis. In addition, the intensity of fluorescence X-ray and the content of corresponding element has a certain relationship, therefore, can make quantitative analysis of the element.